XML文件的解析
mybatis的学习当中,配置的加载传统的是通过解析用户配置的文件,获取到数据库连接与对象实体映射关系的,书中有描述到DOM\SAX\StAX 几种方案,一方面是夯实基础,一方面是了解三种方法的优缺点,今天就学习一下XML文件的解析
一、XML的解析方式
- DOM 解析XML底层接口之一,跨平台,跨语言
- SAX 解析XML底层接口之一
- Jdom/dom4J 基于底层API的封装,Java语言,更方便便捷
二、DOM解析
DOM 解析的原理:树形结构,依赖内存加载文件,树在内存中持久化存储,映射成Document对象,解析DOM树,识别父节点、当前节点、兄弟节点和子节点,在节点间游历,就能够获取到整棵树的数据。操作简易,消耗大,适用于小文档或者需要频繁修改文档的场景。
使用JDK自带的DocumentBuilderFactory进行解析
//生成工厂实例
DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
//创建builder实例
DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
//读取文件内容,加载入Document对象
Document document = documentBuilder.parse("store.xml");
//根据Name获取节点
NodeList productList = document.getElementsByTagName("product");
for(int i =0;i<productList.getLength();i++){
Node product = productList.item(i);
Node firstChild = product.getFirstChild();
Node lastChild = product.getLastChild();
String nodeName = product.getNodeName();
short nodeType = product.getNodeType();
String nodeValue = product.getNodeValue();
//获取节点内容
NamedNodeMap namedNodeMap = product.getAttributes();
for(int j=0;j<namedNodeMap.getLength();j++){
Node node = namedNodeMap.item(j);
String name = node.getNodeName();
String value = node.getNodeValue();
short type = node.getNodeType();
System.out.println("name:"+name+";value:"+value);
}
//获取子节点内容
NodeList childNodes = product.getChildNodes();
for(int k =0 ;k<childNodes.getLength();k++){
Node item = childNodes.item(k);
String itemNodeName = item.getNodeName();
short itemNodeType = item.getNodeType();
String itemNodeValue = item.getNodeValue();
System.out.println("itemName:"+itemNodeName+";itemValue:"+itemNodeValue);
NodeList children = item.getChildNodes();
for(int m =0;m<children.getLength();m++){
Node item1 = children.item(m);
System.out.println("itemName:"+item1.getNodeName()+";itemValue:"+item1.getNodeValue());
}
}
}
使用XPath解析
DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document = documentBuilder.parse("store.xml");
List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>();
XPathFactory xPathFactory = XPathFactory.newInstance();
XPath xPath = xPathFactory.newXPath();
NodeList nodeList = (NodeList)xPath.evaluate("store/product",document, XPathConstants.NODESET);
for(int i=0 ;i <nodeList.getLength();i++){
Node node = nodeList.item(i);
Node nodeAttr = node.getAttributes().item(0);
Integer id = Integer.valueOf(nodeAttr.getNodeValue());
String name = String.valueOf(xPath.evaluate("name", node, XPathConstants.STRING));
Double price = (Double)xPath.evaluate("price", node, XPathConstants.NUMBER);
Integer inventory =((Double)xPath.evaluate("inventory", node, XPathConstants.NUMBER)).intValue();
Product product = new Product();
product.setId(id);
product.setName(name);
product.setPrice(price);
product.setInventory(inventory);
products.add(product);
}
products.forEach(System.out::println);
三、SAX解析
SAX解析原理:基于事件的模型,不需要将全部文档加载入内存,只需要用户读取的时候加载相应的内容片段即可,响应快,消耗小,适用于大型文档读取的场景。
使用JDK自带的SAXParserFactory
- 创建一个用于解析的Handler, 重写父类的关于片段解析的代码
public class SaxHandler extends DefaultHandler {
private List<Product> products = null;
private Product product;
private String currentTag = null;
private String currentValue = null;
private String nodeName = null;
public SaxHandler(String nodeName) {
this.nodeName = nodeName;
}
public List<Product> getProducts() {
return products;
}
@Override
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
// 读到一个开始标签会触发
super.startDocument();
products = new ArrayList<Product>();
}
@Override
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
//自动生成的方法存根
super.endDocument();
}
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String name,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
//文档的开头调用
super.startElement(uri, localName, name, attributes);
if (name.equals(nodeName)) {
product = new Product();
}
if (attributes != null && product != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
if (attributes.getQName(i).equals("id")) {
product.setId(Integer.valueOf(attributes.getValue(i)));
}
}
}
currentTag = name;
}
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
//处理在XML文件中读到的内容
super.characters(ch, start, length);
if (currentTag != null && product != null) {
currentValue = new String(ch, start, length);
if (!currentValue.trim().equals("") && !currentValue.trim().equals("\n")) {
if (currentTag.equals("name")) {
product.setName(currentValue);
} else if (currentTag.equals("price")) {
product.setPrice(Double.valueOf(currentValue));
}else if(currentTag.equals("inventory")){
product.setInventory(Integer.valueOf(currentValue));
}
}
}
currentTag = null;
currentValue = null;
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String name)
throws SAXException {
// 结束标签的时候调用
super.endElement(uri, localName, name);
if (name.equals(nodeName)) {
products.add(product);
}
}
}
- 创建一个用于接收的对象(别的数据结构也可)
public class Product {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Double price;
private Integer inventory;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(Double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public Integer getInventory() {
return inventory;
}
public void setInventory(Integer inventory) {
this.inventory = inventory;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Product{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", inventory=" + inventory +
'}';
}
}
- 读取文件,并使用Handler进行解析
SAXParserFactory saxParserFactory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
SAXParser saxParser = saxParserFactory.newSAXParser();
SaxHandler saxHandler = new SaxHandler("product");
saxParser.parse(new InputSource("store.xml"), saxHandler);
List<Product> products = saxHandler.getProducts();
products.forEach(System.out::println);
四、JDOM/Dom4J
-
JDOM的目的是成为Java特定文档模型,它简化与XML的交互并且比使用DOM实现更快
-
Dom4J,是JDOM 的一种智能分支,合并了许多超出基本 XML 文档表示的功能
- 以下为Dom4j为例
- 添加maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>dom4j</groupId>
<artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>
- 读取xml文件
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
Document document = saxReader.read(new File("store.xml"));
- 处理解析逻辑
Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();
List<Element> elements = rootElement.elements();
List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>();
for(Element element : elements){
Integer id = Integer.valueOf(element.attributeValue("id"));
String name = element.element("name").getText();
Double price = Double.valueOf(element.element("price").getText());
Integer inventory = Integer.valueOf(element.elementText("inventory"));
Product product = new Product();
product.setId(id);
product.setName(name);
product.setPrice(price);
product.setInventory(inventory);
products.add(product);
}
products.forEach(System.out::println);
五、StAX解析
它是与SAX类似的流式模式来解析XML文件,但是SAX采用的“推模式”来解析,即事件由计解析器产生,应用程序调用通过回调的方式获取结果,StAX采用“拉模式”,解析器控制解析进程,应用程序控制解析进程的推进,可以简化应用处理XML文档的代码,并决定何时停止解析,而且可以同时处理多个XML文档
采用JDK自带的XMLInputFactory
StAX解析查询方式有多种:
1. 基于光标
2. 基于迭代模型
3. 基于过滤器
4. 基于xpath
5. 使用 XMLStreamWriter 创建文档
6. 通过 Transformer 更新节点信息
7. StAX如果想定制事件,那就会比较复杂,手动实现XMLEvent的每一个方法,定制EventReader和XMLEventWriter
- 简单示例 : 基于光标、基于迭代器、基于过滤器
//=====================StAX 流 光标模型==========================//
XMLInputFactory xmlInputFactory = XMLInputFactory.newInstance();
FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("store.xml");
xmlInputFactory.setProperty(XMLInputFactory.IS_COALESCING, Boolean.TRUE);
XMLStreamReader xmlStreamReader = xmlInputFactory.createXMLStreamReader(fileReader);
List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>();
while (xmlStreamReader.hasNext()) {
int type = xmlStreamReader.next();
if (XMLStreamConstants.START_DOCUMENT == type) {
} else if (XMLStreamConstants.START_ELEMENT == type) {
String name = xmlStreamReader.getName().toString();
if ("product".equals(name)) {
QName key = xmlStreamReader.getAttributeName(0);
if ("id".equals(key.toString())) {
Product product = new Product();
product.setId(Integer.valueOf(xmlStreamReader.getAttributeValue(0)));
products.add(product);
}
} else if ("name".equals(name)) {
Product product = products.get(products.size() - 1);
product.setName(xmlStreamReader.getElementText());
} else if ("price".equals(name)) {
Product product = products.get(products.size() - 1);
product.setPrice(Double.valueOf(xmlStreamReader.getElementText()));
} else if ("inventory".equals(name)) {
Product product = products.get(products.size() - 1);
product.setInventory(Integer.valueOf(xmlStreamReader.getElementText()));
}
} else if (XMLStreamConstants.CHARACTERS == type) {
// System.out.println(xmlStreamReader.getText().trim());
} else if (XMLStreamConstants.END_ELEMENT == type) {
// System.out.println("/"+xmlStreamReader.getName());
} else if (XMLStreamConstants.END_DOCUMENT == type) {
}
}
products.forEach(System.out::println);
//=====================StAX 迭代模型==========================//
XMLEventReader xmlEventReader = xmlInputFactory.createXMLEventReader(fileReader);
while (xmlEventReader.hasNext()) {
XMLEvent xmlEvent = xmlEventReader.nextEvent();
if (xmlEvent.isStartDocument()) {
} else if (xmlEvent.isStartElement()) {
} else if (xmlEvent.isEndElement()) {
} else if (xmlEvent.isEndDocument()) {
}
}
//=====================StAX 过滤器模型==========================//
XMLEventReader reader = xmlInputFactory.createFilteredReader(xmlInputFactory.createXMLEventReader(fileReader),
new EventFilter() {
@Override
public boolean accept(XMLEvent event) {
//返回true表示会显示
if(event.isStartElement()) {
String name = event.asStartElement().getName().toString();
if(name.equals("price")) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
});
//后续依旧照常处理
六、几种方法的对比
种类 | JDom | Dom4J | SAX | StAX |
---|---|---|---|---|
形式 | 基于内存 | 基于内存 | 基于流 | 基于流 |
功能 | 基础 | 加强 | 基础 | 加强 |
-
基于内存:基于树形结构存储,大文件占用内存,能够维系树节点之间关联,遍历&增删&切换节点都比较遍历,适用于树形结构性对象,节点内容修改较多,节点间关联逻辑复杂的场景
-
基于流:基于事读取,内存友好,选取性读取,无需内容全部加载,大文件能够轻松快速获取节点内容,功能多样,编写逻辑较复杂
All codes are here:this page